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Carl Stough
Carl Stough (1926–2000) was an American choral conductor and breathing specalist and the founder of the now closed Carl Stough Institute of Breathing Coordination, a non-profit organization for the research of optimal breathing.
==Biography==
Carl Stough was a student of choral conducting at Westminster Choir College in New Jersey in the 1940s when he started to be fascinated with breathing. As a singer, he knew how important small and steady airflow was to the production of voice, and he further investigated the meaning of "breath support" that all singers are confronted with. He was trying to understand how to obtain optimal breath support for himself and the singers he was conducting in his choirs.〔Stough, Carl and Reece, Dr. Breath, William Morrow Co, New York, 1970〕
Through his observations and research, he was able to refine the understanding of how the breathing mechanism can work optimally. He applied this knowledge to professional and amateur singers and speakers,〔Marrs, Suzanne (editor), ''What There is to Say We Have Said: The Correspondence of Eudora Welty and William Maxwell'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishin Company, New York Ny, 2011, page 465〕〔Cook, Rena and Boston, Jane (editors) ''Breath in Action: The Art of Breath in Vocal and Holistic Practice'', Jessica Kinglsey publishers, 2009, page 58〕〔(Dal Vera, Rocco, ''The Voice in Violence: And Other Contemporary Issues in Professional Voice and Speech Training'', Voice and Speech Trainers' Association, 2001, pages 315, 323)〕〔Haskell, John, Behrmann, Alison, ''Exercises for voice therapy'', Plural Pub., University of Indiana, 2001, page 69〕 patients with lung diseases (especially emphysema)and other pathologies,〔Gordon, Debra L., Berger William E.,''Allergy & Asthma Relief: Featuring the Breathe Easy Plan : Seven Steps to Allergen Resistance'', Reader's Digest association, January 4th, 2004, page 232〕〔Bearor, Karen A., ''Irene Rice Pereira: Her Paintings and Philosophy'', The University of Texas Press, 1993, page 291〕〔Shapiro Kramer, Laura, ''Uncommon Voyage: Parenting a Special Needs Child'', North Atlantic Books, 2nd Edition, 2001, page 216〕〔Prevention Health Books for women, ''Women's Health Today'', Rodale Press inc., 2001, pages 182, 187)〕 dancers,〔(Barton Mumaw, ''Dancer: From Denishawn to Jacob’s Pillow and Beyond'', Wesleyan University Press, 1986, page 237〕〔Williams, Drid, ''Teaching Dancing with Ideokinetic Principles'', ISBN 978-0-252-07799-9, Foreword by Lynn Martin, page viii〕 actors 〔Betsy Polatin, ''The Actor's Secret'', North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California, 2013, page XX〕 and athletes.〔"Olympic Hopefuls bone up on Breathing", Colorado Springs Gazette, Telegraph from Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 15th, 1968, page 39〕 He worked with adults as well as with children and achieved remarkable results in raising awareness of the breathing mechanism and overcome respiratory faults.
Carl Stough founded the "Carl Stough Institute of Breathing Coordination" 〔National Directory of Nonprofit Organizations, Volume 1-2, Taft Group 1995, page 348〕〔Research Centers Directory, Volume 1, Gale Research Co., 1990, page 269〕 with his wife, Reece Stough in 1965. The Institute ceased to exist after Stough's death in October 2000.
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